Discovered and coined by Phil Gordon, the Gordon Pair Principle is a shortcut that can be used when you're holding a pocket pair to find out the probability that another player at the table holds a bigger pocket pair than you.
What is the Gordon Pair Principle?
The Gordon Pair Principle is a quick and easy method for working out the percentage chance that an opponent acting after you has a higher pocket pair than you.
So for example, if you have 6-6 on the button, what are the chances that the SB or the BB have a higher pocket pair? The Gordon Pair Principle will help you to quickly work it out.
The results aren't exact, but they're close enough to make it a useful shortcut.
The Gordon Pair Principle.
To work out the percentage chance of an opponent acting after you holding a higher pair than you, simply multiply the number of players left to act by the number of higher pocket pairs, then divide by 2.
The equation: C = (N x R) / 2
Phil Gordon teaches you which hands you should be aggressive with when playing no-limit Texas Hold'em. Learn more: read Phil's poker articles, buy his Final Table Poker DVD, listen to his WSOP. If you are an introductory Poker Player that wants to learn the game, there is no better book than this one! I love Phil Gordon - especially from his work on Celebrity Poker Showdown - and his method at breaking down the game and understanding the nuances of situation, board texture, tournaments, are all wonderfully explained here in his book. Starting Hands The best Texas Hold’em players are very selective about what hands they play, and have a specific reason for entering every pot based on their hole cards. Players at the start of their poker careers should stick to a tight hand selection strategy to ensure that they have the best chance of winning the hand at showdown.
- C = Percentage chance that an opponent left to act has a higher pocket pair.
- N = Number of players left to act after you.
- R = Number of higher pocket pairs than yours.
Note: The GPP works out the percentage probability given that the cards have just been dealt and that no actions have taken place.
Gordon Pair Principle examples.
GPP example 1.
Let's say that you are dealt pocket kings UTG in the first hand of a big MTT. There are 9 players at the table in total, which means that there are 8 players left to act after you.
What are the chances that any one of these players is holding a bigger pocket pair than you (i.e. pocket aces)?
- C = (N x R) / 2
- C = (8 x 1) / 2
- C = 4%
GPP example 2.
You are dealt J-J on the button in a 6max cash game and the action folds around to you. What are the chances of either player in the blinds holding Q-Q, K-K or A-A?
- C = (N x R) / 2
- C = (2 x 3) / 2
- C = 3%
GPP example 3.
Your are dealt 6-6 on the button in FR cash game. UTG raises and a player in MP moves all in. What are the chances that either of the 2 players left behind you holds a higher pocket pair?
You can't reliably use the Gordon Pair Principle in this situation.
To be able to use the Gordon Pair Principle, you should ideally be the first to “act”. If there are a number of players raising and calling before you, it skews the distribution of hands that the players at the table could hold.
If all the players acting before you fold however, the results of the GPP will remain fairly reliable.
Gordon Pair Principle results table.
| Pair | Number of players left to act. | ||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 22 | 6 | 12 | 18 | 24 | 30 | 36 | 42 | 48 | 54 |
| 33 | 5.5 | 11 | 16.5 | 22 | 27.5 | 33 | 38.5 | 44 | 49.5 |
| 44 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 35 | 40 | 45 |
| 55 | 4.5 | 9 | 13.5 | 18 | 22.5 | 27 | 31.5 | 36 | 40.5 |
| 66 | 4 | 8 | 12 | 16 | 20 | 24 | 28 | 32 | 36 |
| 77 | 3.5 | 7 | 10.5 | 14 | 17.5 | 21 | 24.5 | 28 | 31.5 |
| 88 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 12 | 15 | 18 | 21 | 24 | 27 |
| 99 | 2.5 | 5 | 7.5 | 10 | 12.5 | 15 | 17.5 | 20 | 22.5 |
| TT | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 18 |
| JJ | 1.5 | 3 | 4.5 | 6 | 7.5 | 9 | 10.5 | 12 | 13.5 |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | |
| KK | 0.5 | 1 | 1.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 4 | 4.5 |
How can you use the Gordon Pair Principle?
As handy as the Gordon Pair Principle might seem, the results are more interesting than practical.
There are not a great deal of situations that will benefit from use of the Gordon Pair Principle. It's not like the rule of 4 and 2 where you can use the results to help you make more profitable decisions on the fly.
For example, if you are dealt J-J on the button in the middle of an MTT with only 4 big blinds left in your stack, knowing that the probability of either of the two remaining players holds a pocket pair is 3% isn't going to influence your decision on whether or not to shove (shoving is obviously the best play). It's cool to know, but it's not a deal-breaker.
Nonetheless, you may find it useful to be able to work out odds like this to prove a point or in conjunction with some other calculations when doing post-session analysis.
Who is Phil Gordon?
Phil Gordon is a very tall professional poker player. He won a WPT title in 2004 and has commentated on a number of poker TV shows.
He wrote the popular Little Green Book, which is an excellent collection of strategy tips for beginner/intermediate Texas Hold'em poker players. He also coined the handy rule of 4 and 2 (mentioned just moments ago) for working out pot odds on the fly.
As ever, for more information on Mr. Gordon, check out the Phil Gordon wiki.
Go back to the poker odds charts.
Have You Not Heard Of
Deuces Cracked?
“I quit my job and started playing poker back in February of 08',
after a month of losing over 50BI at micro stakes, I joined DC. I've
been living off poker ever since; if anything in this world could help
you become a winning player, this is it.”
- Malefiicus, DC Member
Now that you understand the position concept we are going to expand on that by looking at the subject of which starting hands to play and which to throw in the muck.
This is the area where inexperienced players become fish, simply by not having the ability to fold weak hands before the flop. You can save a lot of money at this stage of the hand just by simply choosing not to play.
The Importance of Starting Hand Selection
As you know Poker is a game of maths and probability. It is therefore possible to know which starting hands are most probable to win a hand and this has been statistically proven in many studies. These studies have been able to rank starting hands according to how likely they are to win the hand against a random selection of opponent’s starting hands.
Starting hand
By Starting Hand we mean the two hole cards which are dealt to you at the start of each hand.
Since we now know which are the best starting hands in poker then we can apply this knowledge to our strategy. Remember, when we play a hand, we want to play with the odds in our favour, and by selectively choosing which starting hands we play we can ensure this.
Of course if we just waited for the two or three best poker starting hands then we wouldn’t actually play many hands as the probability of these cards being dealt is only once in a while.
So we combine the position concept with our starting hand concept, to allow us to only play a narrow starting hand selection when out of position and to play a wider range of starting hands when we are in position. Therefore the benefit of playing in position makes up for the weaker starting hands we may play.
Starting Hand Groups
You could look at all the statistical information and studies, but we’ve taken all the work out of it for you. The following section is a key part of your strategy and you should practise choosing the right action before the flop using the poker starting hands chart below.
We have chosen 46 different hands that we will play depending on the position and situation we are in. Those 46 hands have been separated into 8 groups named Group A to H. Group A are the strongest hands in poker based on the statistics and group H are the weakest hands that we are willing to play. Of course there are many more hand combinations weaker than the hands in Group H, but we are not interested in playing with these and they will be folded into the muck straight away.
Group B
AK
Group D
AQs
AQ
AJs
99
88
Group F
AT
KQ
KJs
QJs
44
33
22
Group H
KJ
KT
QJ
J8s
T8s
87s
76s
The ‘s’ next to some of the hands stands for Suited, so two cards of the same suit. ‘AJs’ could stand for A J whereas ‘AJ’ could stand for A J
Take a minute just to browse the hands in each group, you don’t need to memorise these, as you can use the chart to refer to, and once you have used it for a while, you will start to remember which hands are in which groups.
Poker Starting Hand Charts
Ok, so now we have our selection of 46 hands, and have split them into 8 groups based on strength, now what? Well we won’t just automatically play any of those 46 hands when they are dealt to us, we will make a decision based on the position we are in, and the situation we are faced with at the table.
When we are in position we will play a wider range of groups and out of position we will only play the stronger groups. Similarly when opponents have shown strength at the table by raising we will only play the better cards against them.
There are three charts, UNRAISED, RAISED and BLINDS. These are our Action charts, and show us what action to take when we have a hand in one of the starting hand groups.
The three charts are:
- UNRAISED – When everybody acting before you has either folded or called the big blind.
- RAISED – When somebody acting before you has raised.
- BLINDS – When you are in either the small blind or the big blind position and somebody acting before you has raised
| UNRAISED | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Everybody acting before you has either Folded or Called the Big Blind | ||||
| Action | Early Position | Mid Position | Late Position | |
| Opening Raise | A B C D | A B C D E | A B C D E F | |
| Call a Re-Raise | B C | C | C D | |
| Raise a Re-Raise | A | A B | A B | |
| Call the Big Blind (if Multiway Pot) | F G | G H | ||
| RAISED | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Someone acting before you has Raised already | ||||
| Action | Early Position | Mid Position | Late Position | |
| Re-Raise | A B | A B | A B | |
| Call | C | C | C D | |
| BLINDS | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| After a Raise and You are in the Blinds | ||||
| Action | Raised from Early Position | Raise from Mid Position | Raised from Late Position | |
| Unraised Blinds – Play as if you were in Late Position in the Unraised chart | ||||
| Re-Raise | A | A B C | A B C D | |
| Call | B C D | D E | E F | |
To use the charts, just follow these steps:
- What group is your starting hand in? if it isn’t in any group then you Fold.
- What Situation are you in? Choose one of the three action charts relevant to the situation you are in.
- What Position are you in? Look at the column in the chart for the position you are in.
- Starting Hand Group not shown? If your starting hand group is not shown in that column, then you Fold.
- Starting Hand Group Shown? If your starting hand group letter is shown then take the action the chart is showing you.
The different actions in each of the charts are:
- Opening Raise – Make the first Raise
- Call – Just Call when a person has Raised
- Re-Raise – Re-Raise a person who has Raised
- Call a Re-Raise – Call when someone Re-Raises your original Raise
- Raise a Re-Raise – Re-Raise when somebody has Re-Raised your original Raise
- Call the Big Blind – Just call the big blind amount (also known as ‘limping in’)
Quick Reference
I don’t expect you to memorise all the starting hand groups and action charts. The way to learn them is by putting them into practise and then over time you will start to memorise them. But to start with, you can refer to the charts while you are playing.
You can either just bookmark and pull this page up each time you play or we have a couple of other methods to make your life a bit easier.
Printable Starting Hands Chart
A neat and tidy, A4 size starting hand chart which you can print and keep in front of you for quick reference while you are playing.
To download the Starting Hands Chart right click on the link and select save target as.
It is a PDF file, so to view and print this you will need the free Adobe Acrobat Reader. If you don’t have this you can download it here.
Starting Hands Chart Desktop Wallpaper
Phil Gordon Poker
Use this as your computer desktop wallpaper. It is designed so that whilst you are playing poker, you can place your poker table window over the Poker Professor logo and all the charts will be visible around the table. Neat huh!
To download the Starting Hands Wallpaper right click on the link and select save target as.
To set as your desktop wallpaper, right click on the file you have just downloaded and select “Set As Desktop Background”.
The wallpaper is optimised for a desktop screen size of 1920×1080 as this is the most common. It should work with most other desktop sizes as well as windows should automatically resize it for you.
Starting Hand Examples
Phil Gordon Poker Books
Lets take a look at some example starting hands and walk through what the charts are telling you to do and what thought process to follow.
Example Hand 1
You are sitting in early position and are dealt A J. You are first to act and so nobody has bet before you.
- What group is my hand in – AJ is a Group E hand
- What situation am I in – Nobody has raised before me so UNRAISED
- What position am I in – Early Position
So from the answers to the above questions we look at the UNRAISED Action chart, and look in the column for Early Position. You will see that Group E is not shown in that column so we are not allowed to play a Group E hand in Early position in this situation and so we would fold this hand.
Example Hand 2
You are sitting in early position and are dealt A K. You are first to act and so nobody has bet before you.
- What group is my hand in – AK is a Group B hand
- What situation am I in – I am first to act so it is UNRAISED
- What position am I in – Early Position
So from the above we look at the UNRAISED Action chart, and look in the column for Early Position. You will see that with a group B hand we are told to make an opening raise. So we would enter the hand by making a Raise (We will look at details of how much to raise later in the lesson).
Example Hand 3
You are sitting in Mid Position and are dealt A A. A Player in early position has raised the pot up to 3 times the Big Blind.
- What group is my hand in – AA is the best starting hand and therefore a Group A hand
- What situation am I in – There has been a raise by a player in early position, so it has been RAISED
- What position am I in – Mid Position
So, we look at the RAISED Action chart, and look in the column for Mid Position. You will see that with a group A hand we are told to make a Re-Raise. So we would enter the hand by making a Re-Raise. (We will look at details of how much to raise later in the lesson)
Example Hand 4
You are sitting in Mid Position and are dealt 9 9. A Player in early position has raised the pot up to 3 times the Big Blind.
- What group is my hand in – 99 is a Group D hand
- What situation am I in – There has been a raise by a player in early position, so it has been RAISED
- What position am I in – Mid Position
So, again we look at the RAISED Action chart, and look in the column for Mid Position. You will see that we are not allowed to play an already RAISED pot in Mid Position with a group D hand. So we fold this hand.
Example Hand 5
You are sitting in Late Position and are dealt 8 7. Two Players acting before you have limped in and called the big blind.
- What group is my hand in – 87s is a Group H hand
- What situation am I in – There has been two limpers, but no raise, so it is UNRAISED
- What position am I in – Late Position
So, we look at the UNRAISED Action chart, and look in the column for Late Position. You will see that we are allowed to Call a Multi-way pot with a group H hand (multiple players playing the hand). As two people have already called and the blinds will likely also call we can call the big blind and play the hand. So we would call the big blind on this hand.
How much should I Raise?
Best Starting Poker Hands
An opening Raise in general should be between 3 to 4 times the Big Blind. Anywhere in this range is ok, and as guide to start with I would raise the following amounts:
- When you are in EARLY POSITION Raise 4 times the Big Blind
- When you are in MID POSITION Raise 3.5 times the Big Blind
- When you are in LATE POSITION Raise 3 times the Big Blind
You should mix and match the size of your raises to prevent your opponents getting a read on your betting patterns, but the above can act as a general guide whilst you get used to your new strategy.
The reason to Raise more in Early position is because we are out of position and want to put as much pressure on our opponents as we can.
How much should I Re-Raise?
A Re-Raise should in general be between 2 – 4 times the original Raise, As a guide:
- When it has been Raised from EARLY POSITION Raise 2 times the Raise
- When it has been Raised from MID POSITION Raise 3 times the Raise
- When it has been Raised from LATE POSITION Raise 4 times the Raise
The reason for this is it is more likely that a player in late position has raised with a weaker hand than a player in Early position.
Phil Gordon Poker Charts
Practise Time
Well, that was a lengthy lesson and a lot to take in. Don’t worry, with practise it will start to become second nature, and that is exactly what you should do now with the first stage of your bankroll challenge.
Poker Bankroll Challenge: Stage 1
- Stakes: $0.02/$0.04
- Buy In: $3 (75 x BB)
- Starting Bankroll: $25
- Target: $3 (1 x Buy In)
- Finishing Bankroll: $28
- Estimated Sessions: 1
Starting Hands Poker
Use this exercise to get used to selecting which starting hands to play and which not to play according to the Starting Hands chart and get used to understanding what position you are in at the table. Don’t get too carried away at this stage though, play conservatively and be aware that someone may have a better hand than you. We are going to learn in more detail about betting after the flop later in the course.